kalliope/Docs/installation/create_raspbian_image.md

Create a Raspbian image with already installed Kalliope

This documentation aims at explaining how to creta a Raspbian image with pre installed Kalliope.

Install a fresh image of Raspbian as usual on your raspberry Pi. Once deployed, follow manual steps bellow.

Note: From here I suppose that the Rpi has received a valid IP from your LAN DHCP server and can access to the internet.

Prepare the image

Login to your Rpi.

Enable SSH

sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh

You now have a SSH connection, you can connect remotely to your Pi to perform next steps from a console.

Note: The SSH server is listening on the default SSH port with the default Rasbpian credentials. This can be a security issue. It is recommended to check that the Rpi is not directly accessible from the internet.

Install Kalliope from the script

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kalliope-project/kalliope/master/install/rpi_install_kalliope.sh | bash

If you want to install a particular branch you can specify it with an argument following the syntax bellow

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kalliope-project/kalliope/master/install/rpi_install_kalliope.sh | bash -s <branch_name>

E.g

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kalliope-project/kalliope/master/install/rpi_install_kalliope.sh | bash -s dev

Check Kalliope is installed

kalliope --version

Cleanup installation files

rm -rf get-pip.py
sudo rm -rf kalliope

Clone some starter kit

git clone https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope_starter_fr.git
git clone https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope_starter_en.git
git clone https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope_starter_de.git

Change the hostname

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kalliope
sudo sed -i 's/raspberrypi/kalliope/g' /etc/hosts

Clear the command line history

history -c

Shutdown the Rpi

sudo shutdown -h now

Create the image

Next commands have been tested on Ubuntu 16.04.

In the next part we create an image an shrink it in order to take less storage space.

Note: Raspbian operating system comes with a tool to resize the filesystem to the largest size the SD card will support (sudo raspi-config, then select Expend Filesystem). You wont lose space by shrinking the image because you can expand it back again.

Note: Be sure of what you doing in next steps. Writing disk image on the wrong disk will destroy all your computer data.

Remove the SD card from your Rpi and connect it into a Linux distrib via an external USB card reader.

Check where the card is mounted

df -h

The output should looks like this

df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
--- TRUNCKATED ---
/dev/sdb2        15G  1.3G   13G  10% /media/nico/f2100b2f-ed84-4647-b5ae-089280112716
/dev/sdb1        41M   21M   21M  51% /media/nico/boot

The SD card is on /dev/sdb device. It has two partition, /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2.

Note: Your system might mount the card somewhere else depending on the number of disk you already have like /dev/sdc or /dev/sde. Note down the path where your SD is.

Unmount the two partitions. Keep the SD card in the reader and connected to the system.

sudo umount /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2

Make the image with dcfldd. This program is a replacement for the old dd disk utility program that show the progression of a copy.

Install the tool

sudo apt-get install dcfldd

Create the image following this syntax.

sudo dcfldd if=<my_sd_card_disk_path> of=<target_path>/kalliope.img

E.g

sudo dcfldd if=/dev/sdb of=kalliope.img

Note: Be sure you have enough space available in the target path

It will take a couple minutes to create the image depending of the size of your SD card.

Once it's done, give the ownership back to your current user. (the image belong to root as we created it with sudo)

sudo chown ${USER}:${USER} kalliope.img

Now we have a file that can already be used to instantiate a Rpi. But the file is big as the SD card itself. To reduce the size of the image we need gparted. Install it

sudo apt-get install gparted

Gparted is only able to edit physical device, so we need to create a virtual device from the image before using it. As we saw when we have identified our disk, Raspbian has two partitions. The fist one, boot, is already tiny and does not need to be shrank. The second partition is where everything is stored. It contains a lot of free space.

Show partition info from the image

sudo fdisk -l kalliope.img

The output should looks like this

Device        Boot Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
kalliope.img1       8192    92159    83968   41M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
kalliope.img2      92160 31116287 31024128 14.8G 83 Linux

Export the START sector of the second partition. The variable will be used in next commands.

export START=92160

Check the env variable is set correctly

echo ${START}

Create the virtual drive with only the second patition

sudo losetup /dev/loop0 kalliope.img -o $((START*512))

Now read the loopback device with gparted

sudo gparted /dev/loop0

Gparted will show you the state of the partition. Click the /dev/loop0 partition and select Resize/Move from the menu. change the value of "New Size" so that it is slighty abose the "Minimum Size". Note down the new size! In this example the new size is 2000 MB. Then apply the resizing and exit gparted.

Remove the loopback device and create a new one with the whole image this time.

sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
sudo losetup /dev/loop0 kalliope.img

Now, we use fdisk to edit the partition table in order to resize it to the new size.

sudo fdisk /dev/loop0

You should now see the fdisk prompt.

• Enter d 2 to delete the table entry for the second partition
• Enter n p 2 to create a new second partition entry
• Enter the START sector number that you used earlier.
• Enter +NEWSIZE as the new size. Don't forget the "+" at the start. For example +2000M
• Enter w to write the new partition

Output example

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2

Partition 2 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (2048-31116287, default 2048): 92160
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (92160-31116287, default 31116287): +2000M

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Let's take a look to the partition table again

sudo fdisk -l /dev/loop0

Device       Boot Start     End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/loop0p1       8192   92159   83968  41M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/loop0p2      92160 4188159 4096000   2G 83 Linux

Note down the ED sector of the second partition

export END=4188159

Destroy the loopback

sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0

Now, trim the file to the new length.

truncate -s $(((END+1)*512)) kalliope.img

Check the new size of the image

du -hs kalliope.img 
2.0G	kalliope.img

You can now compress it to reduce a little more the size

zip kalliope.img.zip kalliope.img

Final size

du -hs kalliope.img.zip 
727M	kalliope.img.zip